نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.
چکیده
رشد فزآیندۀ جمعیت و نیاز به تأمین ضروریات زندگی، سبب گردیده تا بشر به صورت گسترده به تغییر بی‌رویۀ کاربری و پوشش اراضی، مبادرت ورزد. در بسیاری از موارد، این تغییرات با برهم‌زدن تعادل در طبیعت و فراهم نمودن زمینۀ فرسایش و تخریب خاک همراه بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر تغییر کاربری و پوشش اراضی بر افزایش شدت فرسایش بادی انجام شد. بدین منظور، از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست و طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده با الگوریتم ماشین بردار پشتیبان برای تهیۀ نقشۀ کاربری اراضی بهره گرفته شد. همچنین، دمای سطح زمین به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر در شکل‌گیری باد با الگوریتم‌های تک کانالی و پنجرۀ مجزا در کاربریهای مختلف برآورد گردید. به منظور ایجاد ارتباط بین تغییر کاربری و شدت فرسایش بادی، پارامترهای اقلیمی مؤثر شامل دما، رطوبت نسبی و بیشینۀ سرعت باد بررسی شدند. در مراتع فقیر و اراضی بدون پوشش، بیشترین دما و در ارتفاعات و اراضی دارای پوشش‌گیاهی کمترین میزان دمای سطحی مشاهده شد. روند تغییرات اقلیمی در یک دورۀ 30 ساله، افزایش میانگین، بیشینه و کمینۀ مطلق دما و کاهش رطوبت نسبی را نشان داد. در طی یک دهۀ گذشته، بیشینۀ سرعت باد افزایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای را نشان داد بهطوریکه از مقدار هشت متر بر ثانیه در سال 1990، به بیش از 20 متر بر ثانیه در ده سال اخیر رسیده است. این موضوع نشان می‌دهد که تغییر کاربری اراضی و از بین بردن پوشش گیاهی و همچنین افزایش بی‌رویۀ ساخت و سازهای انسانی و ایجاد جزایر حرارتی در 30 سال گذشته، تأثیر قابل توجهی در پیدایش نوسانات اقلیمی و افزایش سرعت باد داشته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of the effects of land use change in Meybod and Ardakan cities on the intensity of wind erosion
نویسنده [English]
- Mohammad Ali Saremi Naeini
Assistant Professor, Department of Arid Land and Desert Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]
Rapid population growth and the need to provide the necessities of life has caused human beings to change land use widely. In many cases these changes have been accompanied by disruption of balance in nature and providing the possibility of soil erosion. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of land use changes on increasing the intensity of wind erosion. Landsat satellite imagery and implementation of supervised classification by using SVMs were used to prepare land use map. Ground surface temperature was calculated, as one of the effective factors in wind formation, with single channel and split window algorithms in different land uses. In order to make connections between land use changes and wind erosion, effective climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and maximum wind speed were investigated. The highest surface temperature was observed in poor and non-vegetation areas, and the lowest temperature was estimated in highlands and rangelands. Results showed an increase in average temperature as well as maximum and minimum absolute temperature and decrease in relative humidity. Over the past decade, the maximum wind speed in the study area showed a significant increase, and it has increased from eight m/s in 1990 to more than 20 m/s in the last decade. This shows that land use change by removing vegetation cover, as well as the uncontrolled increase of human constructions and creating thermal islands in the last 30 years, has a significant impact on the emergence of climate change and increasing wind speed.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- supervised classification
- Support vector machines
- Ground surface temperature
- split window
- Yazd-Ardakan Plain
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