نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی

چکیده

بانک بذر خاک نقش مهمی در احیاء پوشش گیاهی پس از توقف آشفتگی دارد. در این تحقیق تنوع و غنای بانک بذر خاک در مراتع نیمه استپی استان چهار محال و بختیاری مطالعه قرار گرفت. در دو رویشگاه علفزار و بوته‌زار اراضی دارای سابقه تغییر کاربری شناسایی و چهار بازه زمانی در توقف زراعت شامل کمتر از 5، 5 تا 15، 15 تا 25 و بیشتر از 25 سال انتخاب شدند. جهت جغرافیایی در هر بازه زمانی در نظر گرفته شد. نمونه‌گیری خاک انجام و بانک بذر خاک به روش ظهور گیاهچه شناسایی و سپس شاخص‌های تنوع و غنا محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد تعداد گیاهان چندساله در بانک بذر خاک بیشتر از گیاهان یک‌ساله بوده است. در رویشگاه علفزار با افزایش زمان توقف زراعت غنا و تنوع بانک بذر کاهش یافت اما در زمان توقف زراعت بیش از 25 سال به طور معنی‌داری افزایش و بیشتر از مراتع طبیعی اطراف بوده است. هر دو شاخص‌ تنوع و غنای بانک بذر خاک در رویشگاه بوته‌زار تحت تاثیر جهت جغرافیایی قرار گرفتند. در رویشگاه بوته‌زار با گذشت زمان از توقف زراعت تنوع و غنای بانک بذر در جهت شمالی نوسان داشته و در دامنه‌های غربی با روند افزایشی اما در جهت جنوبی و شرقی روند کاهشی داشته است. در هر دو رویشگاه هر چند با کمترین زمان توقف یعنی کمتر از پنج شاخص‌های تنوع و غنای بانک بذر افزایش داشتند اما برگشت پذیری شاخص‌ها در بازه زمانی بیش از 25 سال در علفزار و بیش از 15 سال بوته‌زار اتفاق افتاد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil seed bank diversity and richness following cessation of cultivation in shrubland and grassland in semi-steppic rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elaheh Fahimipour 1
  • Jamshid Ghorbani 2
  • Ghodratollah Heydari 3

1 Ph.D. Student in Range Management, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

2 Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

3 Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

چکیده [English]

Soil seed bank has an important role in vegetation restoration following cessation of disturbance. In this study, the soil seed bank richness and diversity were investigated in semi-steppic rangeland with a history of land conversion into cultivation in Charmahal-Bakhtiari province. Land-use changes were identified in grassland and shrubland and then were classified into four groups according to the time since abandonment including < 5, 5-15, 15-25 and > 25 years. Aspect was considered in each group. Soil was sampled and seed bank was identified using seedling germination method in glasshouse. Then, seed bank richness and diversity indices were calculated. Results showed that in seed bank the number of perrenilas was greater than annuals. In both grassland and shrubland time since abandonment significantly influenced the soil seed bank richness and diversity. In grassland soil seed bank richness and diversity decreased with time of abandonment but in area with more than 25 yrs of abandonment seed abnk richness and diversity significantly increased. Aspect significantly affected both seed bank richness and diversity in shrubland. North slpoe showed fluctuation in seed bank richness and diversity during abandonment while an increase was found in west slope and a reduction in south and east slopes. In both sites the soil seed bank indices significantly increased shortly after abandonment (<5 yrs) but seed bank richness and diversity showed resilient in >25 yrs in grassland and >15 yrs in shrubland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land-use change
  • Abandoned land
  • Disturbance
  • Restoration
  • Succession
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