نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته، گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر اقدامات گسترده‌ای از نظر کنترل سیل، فرسایش و رسوب در زمینه های تحقیقاتی، مطالعاتی و اجرایی آبخیزداری انجام شده است. لذا این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی اثر اقدامات آبخیزداری بر روی خصوصیات جریان و رسوب معلق در دو زیر حوضه از حوضه قلعه گل انجام گرفت. برای مقایسه اثر اقدامات آبخیزداری بر روی میزان جریان و رسوب معلق خروجی از هر دو زیرحوضه، در زمان شروع بارندگی تا پایان بارندگی و رسیدن ارتفاع جریان رودخانه به دبی پایه، اندازه‌گیری سرعت جریان و نمونه‌برداری از بار معلق به صورت مستقیم و میدانی از زیر‌حوضه‌ها انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در تمام اندازه‌گیری‌ها میزان دبی و رسوب زیرحوضه جنوبی با عملیات آبخیزداری اجرا شده بیش از زیرحوضه شمالی بدون اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری بود. مطابق نتایج آزمون‌های آماری، مشخص شد که اختلاف بین دبی اوج جریان خروجی (P=0.691) و رسوب اوج خروجی (P=0.840) زیرحوضه‌های شمالی و جنوبی معنی‌دار نبوده است. همچنین مطابق نتایج این تحقیق، اختلاف بین دبی ویژه و گل‌آلودگی ویژه خروجی از این زیرحوضه‌ها معنی‌دار نبوده است (P>0.05). بر اساس این نتایج مشخص شد که اجرای این عملیات ظاهراً بعد از گذشت چند سال کارایی لازم برای کاهش میزان دبی و رسوب خروجی حوضه را از دست داده‌اند. بدین معنی که عملیات اجرا شده، تأثیرگذاری خود بری روی رسوب و رواناب خروجی را از دست داده‌اند. لذا برای افزایش کارایی سازه‌های مکانیکی آبخیزداری اجرا شده در آبراهه‌ها، بایستی همزمان اقدام به اجرای عملیات بیولوژیک و بیومکانیکی در روی دامنه‌ها نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment the Effects of watershed management operations on the characteristics of runoff and suspended sediment load in Ghaleh Gol Watershed, Lorestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahram Mir Derikvand 1
  • Alireza Sepahvand 2
  • Hossein Zeinivand 3

1 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University

2 Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering,Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

3 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University

چکیده [English]

In recent years, extensive practices have been done on flood control, erosion and sediment in the fields of research and implementation of watershed management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of watershed management practices on the characteristics of runoff and suspended sediment load in two subwatersheds in Ghaleh Gol watershed in Lorestan province, Iran. In this research, for comparing the effect of watershed management practices (WMP) on discharge and suspended sediment load (SSL) from both subwatersheds, the flow velocity was measured and the SSL was sampled directly from the beginning of the rainfall events until the end of them. Results showed that in all measurements, the discharge and suspended sediment load of the southern subwatershed with watershed management practices was higher than the northern subwatershed without such practices. According to the results of ANOVA test, it was found that the difference between discharge peak (P=0.691) and suspended sediment load peak (P=0.840) was not significant in two subwatersheds. Also, according to the results, the difference between specific discharge and specific SSL was not significant (P>0.05). Based on these results, it was found that the implementation of WMP in the study area apparently has no the required performance to reduce the discharge and SSL, and the WMP have lost their performance before the end of their useful life. Therefore, in order to increase the performance of mechanical watershed management practices (MWMP), the biological and biomechanical practices has to be performed simultaneously.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lorestan province
  • Ghaleh Gol watershed
  • watershed management operations
  • peak of discharge
  • peak of sediment suspended load
  • Abasi, M., Khir Khah Zarkesh, M. M., Hoseini, M., Mohseni Saravi, M., RoghNi, M. and Ghermez Cheshmeh, B. (2009). Evaluation of watershed management practices in Kan watershed by HEC-HMS. Agricultural Research. Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 148 Pp.
  • Azari, M., Sadeghi, S. H. R. and Tellvari, A.R. (2011). Evaluation of the impact of watershed management projects on flood chrematistic using combination of HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS model in GIS. Journal of Watershed Science and Engineering in Iran, 5(15), 69-72.
  • Baniasadi, M. and Hajsedalikhani, N. (2018). Assessment of Watershed management projects on flood mitigation in baft province. Journal of Irrigation and water Engineering, 8(2(Serial Number 30)), 211-226.
  • Chamanpira, R. and Roughani, M. (2018). Evaluation the effects of watershed management projects in flood mitigation of Dadabad Watershed. Watershed Engineering and Management, 10(3), 350-360.
  • Dehghani Firozabadi, N., Jamali, A. and Hasan Zadeh Nafoti, M. (2014). Investigation of the effect of watershed management projects on reducing flooding of watershed with the help of HEC-HMS mathematical model. Geographical Space, 14(47), 163-182.
  • Ebrahimi, M., Asadi, H., Sharifi, A. and Ebrahimi, E. (2019). The Study of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Suspended Sediment Particles’ Size Distribution in Pasikhan River in Guilan Province. Journal of Water and Soil, 33(2), 229-243.
  • Edwards, T. K., Glysson, G. D. (1999). Field Methods for Measurement of fluvial Sediment. USGS Open-file Report 1–97 p.
  • Erkossa T, Wudneh, A., Desalegn, B. and Taye, G. (2015). Linking soil erosion to on-site financial cost: lessons from watersheds in the Blue Nile basin. Solid Earth 6(2), 765–774.
  • Fathizad, H., Karimi, H. and Tavakoli, M. (2016). Role of Sensitivity of Erosion the Geological Formations at Erosion rate and Sediment Yield. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 7(13), 193-208.
  • Ganasri, B. P. and Ramesh, H. (2015). Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS—a case study of Nethravathi Basin. Geosci Front, 7, 953–961.
  • Ghafari, G., Ahmadi, H., Bahmani, A. and Nazari Samani A. A. (2017). Investigating the performance of watershed management projects in Kan-Sulqan watershed. Range and Watershed, 70(1), 169-180.
  • Girmay, G., Sing, B. R., Nyssenand, j. and Borrosen, T. (2009). Runoff and sedimentassociated nutrient losses under different land uses in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology, (376), 70–80.
  • Izanlo, H., Moradi, H. R. and Sadeghi, S. H. R. (2009). Comparison of flooding prioritization in different hydrological periods. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 21(1(Serial Number 82)), 21-30.
  • Keesstra, S., Pereira, P., Novara, A., Brevik, E. C., Azorin-Molina, C., ParrasAlcántara, L., Jordán, A. and Cerdà, A. (2016). Effects of soil management techniques on soil water erosion in apricot orchards. Scince Total Environment, 551–552:357–366
  • Khazaei, M., Sadeghi S. H. R., Mirnia, S. Kh. and Yzdani Moghadam, E. (2012). Effect of forest degradation on soil nutrient loss and sediment in Kojoor forest watershed. Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 3(2), 1-12.
  • Lopez-Tarazon, J. A., Batalla, R. J., Vericat, D. and Francke, T. (2009). Suspended sediment transport in a highly erodible catchment: the River Isábena (southern Pyrenees). Geomorphology, 109, 210-221.
  • Mahdavei, M, (2013). Applied Hydrology (2 Edition). University of Tehran, 8, 441 Pp.
  • Melaku, N. D., Renschler, C. S., Holzmann, H., Strohmeier, S., Bayu, W., Zucca, C., Ziadat, F. and Klik, A. (2018). Prediction of soil and water conservation structure impacts on runoff and erosion processes using SWAT model in the northern Ethiopian highlands. Journal of Soils Sediments, 18, 1743–1755.
  • Nabi Por, E., Vafah Khah, M. and Moradi, H. R. (2014). Effect of watershed management operations on flood characteristics. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 18(67), 199-212.
  • Najafi Nejad, A., Tellvari, A. A. and Tajiki, M. (2018). Evaluation of the effect of watershed management measures on flooding in Ramyan basin using HEC-HMS model. Iranian Water Researches Journal, 12(3(Serial Number 30)), 19-26.
  • Nigussie, Z., Tsunekawa, A., Haregeweyn, N., Adgo, E., Nohmi, M., Tsubo, M., Aklog, D., Meshesha, D. T. and Abele S. (2017). Farmers’ perception about soil erosion in Ethiopia. Land Degradation Development, 28(2), 401–411.
  • Noor, H. and Sadeghi, S. H. R. (2011). Instantaneous Unit Sediment Graph Modeling. Iran-Water Resources Research, 7(4), 62-70.
  • Putjaroon, W. and Pongewn, K. (1987). Amount of Runoff and Soil Losess from Various Landuse Sampling Plots in Province. Thailland, in: Proceeding of Forest Hydrology and watershed mamagement August 1987, IAHS-AISH, Publication, 22, 167-198.
  • Radwan, A. (1999). Flood analysis and mitigation for an area in Jordan. Journal of Water Resources and Management, 125(3), 170-177.
  • Rahimi, M., Soufi, M. and Ahmadi, H. (2012). Evaluation of Watershed Measures with WOCAT Program in Dejkord Basin. Journal of Water and Soil, 26(1), 1-10.
  • Rajora, R. (1998). Integrated watershed management, A Field Manual for Equitable, Productive and Sustainable Development, Rawat Publication. New Delhi, India, 616p.
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh, R., Sadeghi, S. H. R. and Sadoddin, A. (2015). Analysis of storm-wise sedimentgraphs and rating loops in Galazchai Watershed, West-Azarbaijan. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 21(5), 175-191.
  • Sadeghi, S. H. R. Sharifi, F., Forootan, E. and Rezaee, M. (2004). Quantitative performance evaluation of watershed management measures. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 65, 96-102.
  • Sadeghi, S. H. R., Ebrahimi Mohammadi, Sh. and Chapi, K. (2015). Analysis of Intra-Storm Suspended Sediment Delivery Processes from Different Tributaries to the Lake Zarivar using Hysteresis Patterns. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 68(2), 323-340.
  • Sadeghi, S. H. R., Frootan, E. and Sharifi, F. (2006). Performance Evaluation of Watershed Management Measures using Qualitative Method. Geographical Research, 79(4), 37-47.
  • Taguas, E.V., Guzmán, E., Guzmán, G., Vanwalleghem, T. and Gómez, J.A. (2015). Characteristics and importance of rill and gully erosion. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica, 41–20.
  • Walling, D. E., Collins, A. L., Sichingabula, H. A. and Leeks, G. J. L. (2001). Integrated Assessment of Catchment Suspended Sediment Budgets: A Zambian Example. Land Degradation and Development, 12, 367-415.
  • Ward, P. J., Renssen, H., Aerts, J. C. J. H., Van Balen, R. T. and Vandenberghe, J. (2007). Strong increases in flood frequency and discharge of the River Meuse over the late Holocene: impacts of long-term anthropogenic land use change and climate variability. Hydrology Earth System Scince, 4 (4), 2521–2560.
  • Williams, G.P. (1989). Sediment concentration versus water discharge. Journal of Hydrology, 111, 89-106.
  • Yan, Q., Lei, T., Yuan C., Lei, Q., Yang, X., Zhang, M., Su G. and Leping, A. (2015). Effects of watershed management practices on the relationships among rainfall, runoff, and sediment delivery in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau in China. Geomorphology, 228, 735-745.