نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران
2 استاد گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
طبیعت‌‌گردی، به‌‌عنوان یک فعالیت جنبی مرتعداری؛ می‌‌تواند در ارتقاء سطح زندگی مرتعداران، موثر باشد و به‌‌واسطه اقتصادی کردن مرتعداری، باعث کاهش فشار چرا بر مراتع، شود. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر، با هدف ارزیابی قابلیت مراتع درمیان خراسان جنوبی، جهت استفاده طبیعت‌‌گردی، بر مبنای عوامل محیطی و اکولوژیکی (اقلیم، توپوگرافی، خاک، فاصله از منابع آب و جاذبه‌‌های پوشش گیاهی) و زیرساخت‌‌ها (فاصله از شهر و فاصله از جاده و مسیرهای دسترسی)، انجام شد. از تلفیق نقشه‌‌ها در محیط GIS و بر مبنای رویکرد عامل محدودکننده فائو ، شایستگی مراتع منطقه ، تعیین گردید. بر مبنای نتایج، 36/7 درصد از مراتع، در طبقه شایستگی متوسط (S2)، 46/5 درصد در طبقه شایستگی کم (S3) و 16/8درصد در طبقه غیر شایسته (N) از لحاظ طبیعت‌‌گردی قرار دارند. در این ارتباط، 61/5 درصد از مراتع منطقه، برای چرای دام، دارای شایستگی کم (S3) و 38/5 درصد، غیر شایسته (N)،می‌‌باشند. درصد پوشش گیاهی و وضعیت نامناسب فرسایش خاک، محدودکننده شایستگی تیپ‌‌های گیاهی برای طبیعت‌‌گردی و چرای دام می‌‌باشد. لازم است با کاهش تعداد دام و چرای دام مطابق با اصول اکولوژیکی؛ از مراتع منطقه، جهت طبیعت‌‌گردی در کنار دامداری ، استفاده نمود. این امر، علاوه بر جبران مسایل اقتصادی ناشی از کم کردن تعداد دام؛ احیای پوشش گیاهی را نیز سبب خواهد شد. با توجه به لزوم حفظ مراتع، می‌‌‌توان پارک‌‌های جنگلی را جهت اسکان گردشگران، تا شعاع مناسبی از مراتع مورد نظر، ایجاد و با جایابی سکوهای تماشا از دور و پیاده‌‌روها، از میزان خسارت به پوشش گیاهی و تخریب خاک، کم کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessing the capability of mountain rangeland Dermian of South Khorasan for ecotourism use
نویسندگان [English]
- vahideh Abdollahi 1
- Hossein Arzani 2
- Javad Motamedi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Ecotourism, as a side activity of rangeland, can be effective in improving the livelihood of rangers and will reduce the pressure on rangelands by economizing rangeland. In this study, with the aim of evaluating the potential rangelands of Dermian , for ecotourism use, based on environmental and ecological factors (climate, topography, soil, distance from water sources and vegetation attractions) and infrastructure (distance from the city and from roads), was done. From the combination of maps in the GIS environment and based on the FAO limiting factor approach,, the rangeland suitability was determined. Based on the results, 36.7% of rangelands are in the middle suitability category (S2), 46.5% in the low suitability category (S3) and 16.8% in the non-suitable category (N) in terms of ecotourism. In this regard, 61.5% of the rangelands for livestock grazing, have low suitability (S3) and 38.5%, unsuitable (N). The percentage of vegetation and,, the poor condition of soil erosion, are factors limiting the suitability for ecotourism and livestock grazing. , it is necessary to reduce the number of livestock and graze livestock in accordance with ecological principles; that used the rangeland of the region for ecotourism along with livestock. This, in addition to compensating for the economic problems, will also help restore vegetation. Due to the need to preserve rangeland,, forest parks can be created to accommodate tourists, up to a suitable radius of the desired rangelands, and by placing remote viewing platforms and sidewalks, from the amount of damage to vegetation and reduced soil degradation.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Ecotourism
- Rangeland pastoral activities
- Rangeland suitability
- GIS
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