نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.

2 دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

10.22059/jrwm.2022.308538.1529

چکیده

این تحقیق به بررسی عوامل موثر در استفاده بهره‌برداران مرتعی از 4 گونه‌ درختی شامل: Acer velutinum ، Quercus castaneifolia ، Carpinus betulus، Diospyrus lotus و 4 گونه درختچه‌ای شامل: Mespilus germanica ، Prunus cerasifera ، Celtis australis، ALbizia julibrissin جهت تغذیه دام و تعیین ارزش غذایی آن‌ها در مرحله شروع رشد برگ‌ها در دامسراهای مناطق جنگلی اطراف روستای جواهرده در شهرستان رامسر استان مازندران می‌پردازد. جهت انجام نمونه‌برداری در مرحله رشد رویشی به صورت کاملا تصادفی اقدام به نمونه‌گیری شد. سپس برگ سبز پس از خشک‌شدن در هوای آزاد و سپس اندازه‌گیری وزن خشک جهت تعیین کیفیت علوفه شامل پارامترهای پروتئین خام ، فسفر ، ازت ، پتاسیم ، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی ، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی ، درصد ماده خشک ، انرژی متابولیسمی به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. این پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی اجرا شد و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های آزمایشگاهی با آنالیز واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها و اطلاعات حاصل از پرسشنامه با استفاده از آزمون فریدمن در محیط نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که گونه شب خسب به دلیل مقدار انرژی متابولیسمی (25/11)، درصد هضم‌پذیری ماده خشک (97/77)، پروتئین خام (77/22)، چربی خام (26/5)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (44/52)، دارای کیفیت علوفه بالاتری نسبت به هفت گونه دیگر می‌باشد. همچنین یافته ها حاکی از آن است که ارزش غذایی گونه شب خسب بالاتر بوده و همچنین بهره برداری از آن توسط دامدارن بیشتر بوده است، لذا اهمیت دانش بومی را در این زمینه نشان می دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the chemical composition of the leaves of eight trees and shrubs for livestock feeding (case study: livestock places around Javaherdeh Ramsar village)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Amoie 1
  • Mohammaadreza Tatian 2
  • Ghodratolah Heydari 2

1 Department of Range Management,. Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Range Management, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University.

چکیده [English]

This study investigates the effective factors in land-holders use of 4 tree species including: Acer velutinum, Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Diospyrus lotus and 4 species of shrubs including Mespilus germanica, Prunus cerasifera , Celtis australis and ALbizia julibrissin to feed livestock and determine their nutritional value in livestock places of forest regions around Javaherdeh village in Ramsar city of Mazandaran province at the end of leaf growth stage. In order to perform sampling in a stage vegetative growth was done randomly. Then the green leaves which were dried in the open air and sized were transferred to the laboratory. The aim was to determine forage quality including: parameters of crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), insoluble fibers in acidic detergent (ADF), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (NDF), Dry matter content (DMD), metabolic energy (ME). This research was conducted in a completely randomized design and the analysis of laboratory data in SPSS software and the analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire using Friedman test was used to perform statistical analysis of collected data. The results showed that the Albizia julibrissin species due to the amount of metabolic energy (11.25), dry matter digestibility (77.97), crude protein (22.77), crude fat (5.26), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (52.44), have a higher forage quality than the other seven species. The findings indicate that the nutritional value of Albizia julibissin has been associated with its greater utilization by ranchers, it shows the importance of local knowledge in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage Quality
  • Local Knowledge
  • Crude Protein
  • Dry Matter Digestibility
  • Javaherdeh of Ramsar
  • Abdulrazak, S.A., Nyangaga, J. and Fujihara, T. (2001). Relative palatability by sheep of some browse species, their In sacco degradability and In vitro gas production characteristic. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 11, 1580-1584.
  • Aghazamani, J. (1997). Participation of forest dwellers in cooperatives, forest protection and restoration. Forest and Rangeland Journal, 37, 29-34. (In Persian)
  • Ainalis, A. and Tsiouvaras, C.N. (1996). Effects of spacing and grazing on relative growth rate of woody fodder plants in a semi-arid area of north Greece. In: Fodder shrub development in arid and semi-arid zones. Proceedings of the Workshop on Native and Exotic, Fodder Shrubs in Arid and Semiarid Zones, Hammamet, Tunisia.
  • Aminifard Z., Chaji M. and Mohammadabadi, T. (2016). Determination the nutritional value of wild Pistachio leaf and its use in sheep feeding. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 47(1), 135-144. (In Persian)
  • 5-Amirnejad, H. (2011). Investigation of affecting social-economic factors on willingness to exodus of livestock from forest area in Mazandaran province (Case study: Forests of Sari). Rangeland, 5(2), 229-239. (In Persian)
  • Arzani, H. (2010). Forage quality and daily requirement of grazing animal. 2ed edition, University of Tehran Press. 329p. (In Persian)
  • Arzani, H., and Naseri, K. (2009). Livestock grazing in rangelands and pastures. University of Tehran Press. 310p. (In Persian)
  • Arzani, H., Kaboli S.H., Nikkhah A. and Jalili, A. (2005). An introduction of the most important factors in range species for the determination of nutrient values. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 57(4), 777-790. (In Persian)
  • Arzani, H., Motamedi, J. and Hosseini, S.R. (2014). Forage quality of important range species in summer rangelands of Saraliabad. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 21(4), 651-662.
  • Askari, F. (2005). The nutritive value of twigs and fruits (pods with seeds) Prosopis cineraria and Acacia tortilis. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi Journal, 18(3), 48-55. (In Persian)
  • Atrian, P. (2020). Sheep Nutrition. 2ed Edition. Aeej Press. 312p. (In Persian)
  • Balgees, A. (2009). Effects of Albizia lebbeck or wheat bran supplementation on intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of ammoniated bagasse. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5(8), 1002-1006.
  • Baranova, A., Oldeland, J., Wang, Sh. And Schickhoff, U. (2019). Grazing impact on forage quality and macronutrient content of rangelands in Qilian Mountains, NW China. Journal of Mountain Science, 16, 43–53.
  • Beauchemin, K.A., Kreuzer, M., Mara F.O. and McAllister, T.A. (2008). Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: A review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 48, 21–27.
  • Behmanesh, B., Shahraki, M.R. and Badavam, A. (2016). Analyzing the viewpoint of pastoralists towards the palatability of forage plants. Journal of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources, 5(2), 95-112. (In Persian)
  • Calagari M., Javanshir K., Zobeyri M., Modir Rahmati A. (2000). Study of Populus Euphratica Oliv. Community in the margin of Karoon River. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 4 (25-52). (In Persian)
  • Fallahchai M.M., and Yousefi M. (2010). Determining special leaf area and the quantity of useful components (N, P, Ca, K) available in Pistacia Mutica (The case study: in Yassuj forests). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources, 5(3), 11-22. (In Persian)
  • Fekete, G. (1954). Planting of forest and field shelterbelt in the Bulgarian Republic. Erdo, 3(11), 410-413.
  • Forestry Project of 7 Safarood Series. (2007). General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of West Mazandaran- Nowshahr, 215-224. (In Persian)
  • Haghzad, A. and Hasani Mehr, S.S. (2007). Investigating the role of forests and paying attention to forest dwellers in rural development. Regional Conference on Development Strategies from a Geographical Perspective, Islamic Azad University, Astara. (In Persian)
  • Hosseini A. (2014). Effect of Mistletoe (Loranthus Europaeus Jacq.) on some morphological characteristics and nutrient elements of Oak tree leaves (Quercus Persica) in Zagros forests. Natural Ecosystems of Iran,4(2), 1-11. (In Persian)
  • Jafari, M., Kohandel, A., Naseri, M. and Zare Chahooki, M. (2008). Plant species selection for rangeland reclamation respecting their effects on associate plants and soil quality indicators. Jihad Daneshgahi Research Project, 187p. (In Persian)
  • Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. (2013). Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press. 560p. (In Persian)
  • Jones, R.J., Lowry, J.B. and Megarrity, R.G. (1985). Transfer of DHP-degrading bacteria from adapted animals to unadapt ruminants. Leucaena Research. Reports, 6, 5-6.
  • Khezrian, A., Bahmani, K., Mozaffari, S. and Piriaei, M.R. (2015). A review of the effects of some native medicinal plants of the country on various diseases of livestock and poultry and their native use. The First Conference on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines, Tehran. (In Persian)
  • Komarek, A.R (1993). An improved filtering technique for the analysis of detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber utilizing the filter bag technique. Journal of Animal Science, 71, 824-829.
  • Komarek, AR, Robertson, J.B. and Van Soest, P.J. (1994). A comparison of methods for determining ADF using filter bag technique versus conventional filtration. Journal of Dairy Science, 77, 1-114.
  • Malakoti, M.J. and Tehrani, M.M. (2000). Effects of micronutrients on the yield and quality of agricultural products. Tarbiat Modares University 328p. (In Persian)
  • Matlebyane, M.M., Ngambi, J.W. and Aregheore, E.M. 2010. Indigenous knowledge (IK) ranking of available browse and grass species and some shrubs used in medicinal and ethno-veterinary practices in ruminant livestock production in Limpopo province, South Africa, Livestock Research for Rural Development., 22(3), 1-5.
  • Minson, D.J. (1990). Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press, 734 p.
  • Mirfardi, A. (2002). Critique of the livestock and rangeland balance project. Forest and Rangeland Journal, 59, 74-76. (In Persian)
  • Mohammadpour, M., Tatian, M.R., Tamartash, R., Hosseinzadeh, J. (2018). Investigating the effects of grazing intensity on the structure and diversity of woody species in the Ilam Strait Dalab Forest. Forest and Poplar Research, 26(3), 306-318. (In Persian)
  • Nadjafi Tireh Shabankareh, K. (2000). Investigation and comparison of vegetation cover under canopy cover and open area of Acacia tortilis in Hormozgan Province. Pajouhesh-va- Sazandegi, 10(37), 50-53. (In Persian)
  • Nasimi Esfahani, SH., Chaji, M., Mohammadabadi, T. and Bojarpour, M. (2016). The investigation of digestion and fermentation of diets containing different parts of Subabul tree (Leucsens Jeucocepbaja). Journal of Animal Production,18(1), 39-49. (In Persian)
  • National Research Concil, (2001). Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle 7th. Rev. Ed. Nati Acad. Press., Washington Dc, (NRC).
  • Nikkhah, A., and Amanloo, H. (1995). Principles of animal nutrition (translation), first edition, Zanjan University Press., 935 p. (In Persian)
  • Oddy, V.H., Robards, G.E. and Low., S.G. 1983. Prediction of in vivo dry matter digestibility from the fiber nitrogen content of a feed, in feed information and animal production. Eds. G.E. Robards and R.G. Packham. Common Wealth Agricultural Breux, Australia, 295-298.
  • Paengkoum, P. (2010). Effect of Neem (Azadirachfa indica) and Leucaena leucocephala fodders on digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of goats fed corn silage. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(5), 883-886.
  • Rezvani M. and Hashemzadeh, F. (2013). Investigating the effective factors on forest degradation and impact of moving out livestock from district 14 of the northern forests of Iran: An environmental and economic perspective (Fuman). Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 20(3), 125-138. (In Persian)
  • Ross, S.M., King, J.R., Donovan, J.T. and Spaner, D. (2005). The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. I. Primary growth characteristics and forage quality at four densities of oats. Grass and Forage Science, 60, 74-86.
  • Sena, L.P. Vanderjagt, D.J., Rivera, C., Tsin, A.T.C., Muhamadu, I., Mahamaduo, O., Millson, M., Pastuszyn, A. and Glew, R.H. (1998). Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger. Plant Foods for Human Nutr. 52(1), 17-30.
  • Setua, G.C., Kar R., Ghosh J.K. and Dassen, K.K. 2007. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth, leaf yield and phosphorus uptake in Mulberry (Mornus Alba L.) under rainfed, Lateritic Soil Conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29, 98-103.
  • Shaukat Fadaei, M. and Sandgol, A.A. (2008). Introduction to rangelands and livestock’s management. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization Press. 217p. (In Persian)
  • Thapa, B., Walker, D.H. and Sinclair, F.L. (1997). Indigenous knowledge of the feeding value of tree fodder. Animal Feed Science Technology, 67(26), 97-114.
  • Thorne, P.J., Subba, D.B., Walker, D.H., Thapa, B., Wood, C.D. and Sinclair, F.L. (1999). The basis of indigenous knowledge of tree fodder quality and its implications for improving the use of tree fodder in developing countries. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 81, 119-131.
  • Torkan, J. and Arzani, H. (2005). A study of variation of forage quality of range species at different phenological stages in different climatic zones. Iranian Journal of natural resources, 58(2), 459-469.
  • Van Soest, P.J, Roberson J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 35-83.
  • Vogel, K.P, Pedersen, J.F., Masterson, S.D. and Toy, J.J. (1999). Evaluation of a filter bag system for NDF, ADF, and IVDMD forage analysis. Crop Science, 39, 276-279.
  • Vos, J., Vander Putten, P. E. L. and Birch, C. J. 2005. Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf appearance, leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Research, 93: 64-73.
  • Yaghmaei L., Khoda Gholi M., Soltani Koupaei S., and Sabouhi R. (2009). Effect of climatic factors on distribution of forest types using multivariate statistical methods. Iranian Journal of Forest, 1(3), 239-251. (In Persian)
  • Yazdi Samadi, B., Rezaei, A. and Valyzadeh, M. (2011). Statistical Designs in agricultural research. 9ed. Tehran University Press. 764p. (2014). Indigenous knowledge of the use of oak tree components in Rustam Nomads. Journal of Sociology S Yousefi J.tudies, 6(21), 125-143. (In Persian)