اثر آتش‌سوزی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پوشش‌گیاهی علفزار ییلاقی (مطالعه موردی: سایت تحقیقاتی زاغه لرستان)

سیاه منصور, رضا; کمالی, نادیا

doi:10.22059/jrwm.2022.347771.1676

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

² استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2022.347771.1676

چکیده

آتش‌سوزی سریع‌ترین عامل ایجاد تغییرات گسترده در پوشش گیاهی است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی برخی از این تغییرات است. بنابراین پس از تعیین منطقه معرف ترانسکت‌های چهار عدد ترانسکت 200 متری با فاصله 100 متر و 10 کوادرات یک متر مربعی ثابت بر روی هر یک از آن‌ها، واحدهای نمونه در هر عرصه را تشکیل داد. این سایت در سال‌های 1390و 1392 در آتش سوخت و در سال‌های 1397 و 1398 آماربرداری به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک در آن اجرا گردید. بررسی کلاس‌های خوشخوراکی نشان می‌دهد در تیمار آتش‌سوزی غالبیت تولید و تاجپوشش با گونههای مهاجم است. برتری تولید این کلاس علوفه‌ای با مقادیر 05/52 و 1/209 گرم بر متر مربع در عرصه سوخته نسبت به شاهد حفظ شده است. همچنین گندمیان یکساله از نظر تولید و تاج‌پوشش نسبت به سایر گونه‌ها دارای اختلاف میانگین معنی‌دار می‌باشند. اما، پهن برگان علفی 5/1 برابر مقدار تولید بیشتری در آتش‌سوزی نسبت به شاهد داشته‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد هرچند مقدار تولید در عرصه آتش‌سوزی بیشتر از شاهد است اما الزاما به افزایش مقدار مجاز علوفه قابل برداشت منجر نشده است. تیپ در عرصه سوخته نسبت به شاهد با جایگزینی یک‌ساله‌ها بجای چندساله‌ها دچار تغییر اساسی گردید. در نتیجه تولید، تراکم و تاج پوشش کلاس‌های خوشخوراکی و فرم‌های مختلف رویشی نیز تغییرات اساسی یافت. آتش عامل تغییر وضعیت مرتع از عالی به متوسط است، گرایش در هر دو تیمار مثبت بود. با توجه به شرایط موجود، ایجاد آتش چه عمدی و چه سهوی در مراتع این منطقه از ناحیه رویشی ایران اکیدا توصیه نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.50442008.1401.75.4.1.1

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of fire on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of alpaine rangelands vegetation (case study: Lorestan research site)

نویسندگان [English]

Reza Siahmansour ¹
Nadia Kamali ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Fire is the fastest cause of extensive changes in vegetation. The purpose of this research is to examine some of these changes. SO, after determining key area of four 200m transects and a distance of 100 m from each other, 10 plots 1m2 fixed on each of them, formed sample units in each field. This site burned in 2011 and 2013, in 2018 and 2019, random-systematic statistical collection was carried out in it. Results showed, in fire treatment the dominance of production and cover is with invader plants. Production of this class 52.05 and 209.1gr/m2 has been preserved in burnt area compared to control. Also, annual grasses have significant average difference in terms of production and canopy compared to other species. However, annual forbs had 1.5 times more production in fire than control. Although the amount of production in burnt area is more than control but, it doesnt mean an increase in the amount of allowable forage. The plant type in the burned fundamental change compared to the control by replacing annuals instead of permanent species. As result production, density and canopy cover of different palatability classes and growing forms also found fundamental changes. Fire is cause of changing in rangeland condition from excellent to average, the trend is positive in both treatments. The management of burnt fields is very specialized, and according to the existing conditions, it is strongly not recommended to create a fire either intentionally or accidentally in this area is vegetation zone form of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

palatability
wildfire
rangeland management
grassland
rangeland conditions

مراجع

[1] Abiodun F, Oluwole, J., Mackson, S. and Sikhalazo, D. (2008). Long-term effects of different burning frequencies on the dry Savanna grassland in South Africa. African Journal of Agriculture Research Vol. 3(2), 147-153.

[2] Adler P., Raff D. and Lauenroth, W. (2001). The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia, 128, 465–479.

[3] Auld T. D. and Denham, A. J. (2006). How much seed remains in the soil after a fire? 369. Plant Ecology. 187(1), 15–24. 370.

[4] Arzani, H., Moetamedi, J., Moghimi Nejad, F. and Siahmansour, R. (2016). Forage quality of five main forage species at different growth stages in rangelands of zagheh region of Lorestan. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research. 22(4), 607-614.

[5] Baghestani, N., Zare, M., Zandi, E. and Zarekia, S. (2020). Effects of intermediate-term Grazing Rest on the vegetation characteristics of steppe rangelands. Journal of Rangeland Science, 10(1), 28-38.

[6] Bebawi, F.F. and Campbell, S. D. (2002). Impact of fire on bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) plant mortality and seedling recruitment. Tropical Grasslands. 36(1), 129-137.

[7] Bechtold, H. A., and Inouye, R. S. (2007). Distribution of carbon and nitrogen in sagebrush steppe after six years of nitrogen addition and shrub removal. Journal of Arid Environments, 71, 122-132.

[8] Bowman, D. M., Kolden, C. A., Abatzoglou, J. T., Johnston, F. H., Vander Werf, G. R. and Flannigan, M. (2020). Vegetation fires in the Anthropocene. Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, 1(10), 500– 515.

[9] Boyd, C. S. and Davies, K. W. (2010). Shrub microsite influences post-fire perennial grass establishment. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 63, 248-252.

[10] Boyd, C. S. and Svejcar, T. J. (2011). The influence of plant removal on succession in Wyoming big sagebrush. Journal of Arid Environments, 75, 734-741.

[11] Chad, S., Boyd, K., W. and Davies, K. (2010). Shrub Microsite Influences Post-Fire Perennial Grass Establishment. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 63(2), 248-252.

[12] Chambers, J. C., Roundy, B, A., Blank, R, R., Meyer, S, E. and Whittaker, A. (2007). What makes Great Basin sagebrush ecosystems invasible by Bromus tectorum. Ecological Monographs, 77, 117-145.

[13] Chartier, M.P., Rostagno, C.M. and Roig, F, A. (2009). Soil erosion rate in rangelands of northeastern Patogonia: a dendrogeo morphological analysis using exposed shrub roots. Qeomorphology, 106, 344-351.

[14] Crowder, L.V. (1985). Pasture management for optimum ruminant production. Academic press. 103- 128.

[15] Doerr, S. H. and Santín, C. (2016). Global trends in wildfire and its impacts: perceptions versus realities in a changing world. Philosophical transactions press. Available online at: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1696/20150345.

[16] France, K, A., Ganskopp, D, C. and Boyd, C, S. (2008). Interspace under canopy foraging patterns of beef cattle in sagebrush habitats. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 61, 389–393.

[17] Goldhammer, J. and Ronde, D. (2004). Wildland fire management hand book for sub– Sahara Africa. ISBN 1-919833-65-X. p. 285-323.

[18] Govender, N., Trollope, S, W. and Van, W, B. (2006). The effect of fire, season fire intensities in savanna vegetation in South Africa. Applied Ecology, 43, 748-758.

[19] Humphrey, L, D. and Schupp, E, W. (2004). Competition as a barrier to establishment of a native perennial grass (Elymus elymoides) in alien annual grass (Bromus tectorum) communities. Arid Environments, 58,405-422.

[20] Jones, B., Stanley, F, F., Leslie, D, M., Engle, W. and Lochmiller, R, L. (2000). Herpetofaunal responses to brush managemen with herbicide and fire. Range Management, 53, 154-158.

[21] Leonard, S., Kirkpatrick, J., and Marsden-Smedley, J. (2010). Variation in the effects of vertebrate grazing on fire potential between grassland structural types. Applied Ecology, 47, 876–883.

[22] Mapiye, C., Mwale, M., Chikumba, N., and Chimonys, M. (2008). fire as a Rangeland management tool in the Sarannas of southern Africa. Tropical and sub-tropical Agroeco systems, 8, 116-124.

[23] Mirdavoodi, H, R., Goodarzi, G., Yousefi, Y., Farmahini, A. and Siahmansour, R. (2019). Investigating the short-term effects of fire on vegetation changes in rangelands of Markazi province (Case study: Rangelands of Khosbijan). Rangeland, 13(1), 52-64. (In Persian)

[24] Ndalila, M, N., Williamson, G, J. and Bowman, D, M. (2018). Geographic patterns of fire severity following an extreme eucalyptus forest fire in southern Australia. Forcett-Dunalley fire, 1(3), 40- 52.

[25] Pandey, A, N. (1988). Short-term study of recovery of Tropical Grassland following seasonal burning. Tropical Ecology, 29, 159-170.

[26] Patton, B, D. and Nyren, P, E. (2004). The effect of grozing in tensity on soil water and rangeland productivity in south center Dakota. Dakota State University press.

[27] Prevey, J, S., Germino, M. J. and Inouye, R, S. (2010). Exotic plants increase and native plants decrease with loss of foundation species in sagebrush steppe. Plant Ecology, 207, 39-51.

[28] Reinwald, A, D. (2013). Effects of disturbing restoration treatments on native grass revegitation and soil seed bank composition in chaetgrass-invaded sagebrush-steppe ecosystems. All graduate theses and dissertations. Utah State University press, 1-21.119.

[29] Siahmansour, R. (2022). The effect of fire on rangelands qualitative and quantitative indicators and determine resistant plant species to fire in order to rangeland reclamation in critical centres. 0-59-90-95-960698. 1, 254-319. Research institute of forests and rangelands (In Persian).

[30] Siahmansour, R., Arzani, H., Jafari, M., Javadi, S. A. and Tavili, A. (2015). An investigation on the effect of fire in short time on growth form and palatability classes in Zagheh rangelands. Range and Watershed Management, 68(3), 517-531. (In Persian).

[31] Snyman, H, A. (2004). Short- term response in productirity following on unplanned fire in a semi- arid rangeland of South Africa. Arid Envirsnment, 56, 465- 485.

[32] Tainton, N, M. and Mentis, M, T. (1984). Fire in grasslands. Ecological effects of fire in South African ecosystems. Springger- Verlag, 1, 115-147.

[33] Tizon, F, R., Pelaez, D, V. and Elia, O, R. (2010). The influence of controlled fires on a plant community in the south of the Caldenal, and its relationship with a regional state and transition model. Fyton, 79, 141-146.

[34] Van Wilgen, B, W., Govender, N., Biggs, H, C., Ntsala, D. and Funda, X, N. (2004). Response of savanna fire regimes to changing fire management policies in a large African national park. Conservation Biology, 18, 1, 533-540.

نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

اثر آتش‌سوزی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پوشش‌گیاهی علفزار ییلاقی (مطالعه موردی: سایت تحقیقاتی زاغه لرستان)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 75، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 503-517

اثر آتش‌سوزی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پوشش‌گیاهی علفزار ییلاقی (مطالعه موردی: سایت تحقیقاتی زاغه لرستان)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 75، شماره 4دی 1401صفحه 503-517

دوره 75، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 503-517