نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، گروه مهندسی طبیعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی طبیعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

10.22059/jrwm.2023.350686.1679

چکیده

تبخیروتعرق به عنوان یکی از اجزای مهم چرخه هیدرولوژیک نقش بسیار بزرگی در مطالعه بیلان آب حوزه‌های آبخیز دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی واکنش گیاه Atriplex canescens نسبت به سطوح مختلف شوری آب و تاثیر سطح شوری آب آبیاری بر مقدار تبخیروتعرق واقعی در شرایط لایسیمتری می‌باشد. به این منظور چهار تیمار صفر، 25%، 50% و 75% حداکثر تحمل شوری گیاه آتریپلکس کانسنس معادل با صفر، 6/19، 2/39 و 8/58 دسی زیمنس بر متر نمک کلرید سدیم در سه تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. لایسیمترها در گلخانه مستقر شده و در هر لایسیمتر دو بوته کشت شد. هر دو هفته یکبار 5 لیتر آب با شوریهای ذکر شده به هر لایسیمتر اضافه شد. اندازه‌گیری تبخیروتعرق با توزین لایسیمترها از تاریخ 15 اسفند1397 تا 24 مرداد 1398 با فاصله زمانی یک هفته انجام شد. پس از اتمام آزمایشها وزن اندامهای هوایی و زیرزمینی گیاهان هر تیمار به صورت تر و خشک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از صفر تا 8/58 دسی زیمنس بر متر، میزان تبخیروتعرق از 94/3 به 84/2 لیتر کاهش یافت، و بین تیمار شاهد و شوری 8/58 دسی زیمنس بر متر تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح 5 درصد وجود داشت. با افزایش میزان شوری از تیمار صفر به 6/19، 2/39 و 8/58 دسی زیمنس بر متر وزن خشک اندام هوایی 13/20 %، 87/41% و 55/11 % نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشته است. بنابراین با شرایط تحقیق حاضر آتریپلکس کانسنس در شوری 2/39 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بیشترین مقدار اندام خشک هوایی را تولید کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of water salinity on evapotranspiration and yield of Atriplex canescens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Shahnori 1
  • Maryam Azarakhshi 2
  • Mehdi Bashiri 2
  • Hasan Rezaee Moghadam 3

1 MSc. student, Watershed Management, Faculty of Agricultureand Natural Resources, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.

2 Assistand professor, Dpartment of Nature Engineering and Medicinal Plant, Faculty of Agricultureand Natural Resources, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.

3 PhD. Student of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Evapotranspiration as an important component of the hydrological cycle plays a major role in the study of water balance in watersheds. The purpose of present research was to investigate the response of Atriplex canescens to different levels of water salinity and the effect of irrigation water salinity levels on actual evapotranspiration under lysimetric conditions. For this purpose, four treatments inclusive 0, 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum salinity tolerance of Atriplex canescens with 3 replications were considered which equal as zero, 19.6, 39.2, and 58.8 ds/m of Sodium Chloride. The lysimeters were placed in greenhouse and two Atriplex canescen shrubs were cultivated in per lysimeter. 5 liters of water with mentioned salinities were added to each lysimeter every two weeks. During the vegetative period of the plant, from 6th March to 15th of August of 2019, the measurement of evapotranspiration was done by weighing the lysimeters at intervals of one week. After the end of the experiments, the weights of shoots and roots of each treatment were measured in wet and dry situation. The results showed that evapotranspiration decreased from 3.94 to 2.84 liters with increasing salinity of irrigation water from zero to 58.8 ds/m, and there was a significant difference between control and 58.8 ds/m salinity treatments at 5% level. By increasing salinity from 0 to 19.6, 39.2 and 58.8 ds/m, the dry weight of shoots increased compared to control treatment 20.13%, 41.87% and 11.55% respectively. Therefore, with the conditions of the present researchو Atriplex Canescens was produced the highest amount of dry shoot in 39.2 ds/m salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dry weigh
  • greenhouse
  • lysimeter
  • roots weight
  • yield
[1] Al-Zubaidi, A. A. (2018). Effects of salinity stress on growth and yield of two varieties of eggplant under greenhouse conditions. Research on Crops, 19 (3), 436-440.
[2] Arslan, H., Kiremit, S. M. and Güngör, A. (2018). Impacts of different water salinity levels on salt tolerance, water use, yield, and growth of chives (Allium schoenoprasum). Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1-12. (DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2018.1526949).
[3] Bao, A.K., Du, B.Q., Touil, L., Kang, P., Wang, Q.L. and Wang, S.M. (2016). Co-expression of tonoplast cation/H+ antiporter and H+ -pyrophosphatase from xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum improves alfalfa plant growth under salinity, drought, and field conditions. Plant Biotechnol journal, 14, 964–75.
[4] Belkheiri, O. and Mulas, M. (2013). The effects of salt stress on growth, water relations, and ion accumulation in two halophyte Atriplex species. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 86, 17-28.‏
[5] Benjamin, S., Varun, M., Ogunkunle, C. and Paul, M. (2017). Growth and physiological responses of Atriplex lentiformis to variable levels of salinity. International Journal of Botany Studies, 5, 56-62.
[6] Caliskan, O., Kurt, D., Ersin Temizel, K., and Serhat Odabas, M. (2017). Effect of salt stress and irrigation water on growth and development of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L). Open Agriculture, 2, 589–594
[7] Flowers, T.J., Munns, R. and Colmer, T.D. (2015). Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annals of Botany journal, 115,419–31.
[8] Flowers, T. J. and Colmer, T. D. (2008). Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytology, 179, 945–963.
[9] Glenn, E. P., Nelson, S. G., Ambrose, B., Martinez, R., Soliz, D., Pabendinskas, V. and Hultine, K. (2012). Comparison of salinity tolerance of three Atriplex spp. in well-watered and drying soils. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 83, 62-72.‏
[10] Hao, G.Y., Lucero M. E., Sanderson, S.C., Zacharias, E.H. and Holbrook, N.M. (2013). Polyploidy enhances the occupation of heterogeneous environments through hydraulic related trade-offs in Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae). New Phytology, 197, 970–8.
[11] Jafari. M. (2000). Saline soils in natural resources (Diagnosis and reclamation), Tehran University Press.
[12] Kafi, M., Nabati, J., Khaninejad, S., Masomi, A. and Zare Mehrjerdi, M. (2012). Evaluation of characteristics forage in different Kochia (Kochia scoparia) ecotypes in tow salinity levels irrigation. Crop production, 4(1), 229-240.
[13] Kalaji, H. M., Jajoo, A., Oukarroum, A., Brestic, M., Zivcak, M. and Samborska, I. A. (2016). Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a tool to monitor physiological status of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Aacta physiol plant journal. 38(102), 1-11.
[14] Khodahami, Gh., Zandi Isfahan, E. and Assareh, M.H. (2014). Salinity tolerance of Atriplex leucoclada under greenhouse condition and natural habitats of Fars province. Iranian journal of rangeland and desert research, 2(21), 274-282.
[15] Kiremit, M.S. and Arslan, H. (2016). Effects of irrigation water salinity on drainage water salinity, evapotranspiration and other leek (Allium porrum L.) plant parameters. Scientia Horticulturae, 201, 211-217.‏
[16] Lum, T.D. and Barton, K.E. (2019). Ontogenetic variation in salinity tolerance and ecophysiology of coastal dune plants. Annals of botany, (3), 215–227.
‏[17] Mahjoor, F., Ghaemi, A. A. and Golabi, M. H. (2016). Interaction effects of water salinity and hydroponic growth medium on eggplant yield, water-use efficiency, and evapotranspiration. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(2), 99-107.‏
[18] Mosaedi, A. and Ghabaei Sough, M. (2013). Evaluation of different empirical equations of the estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration in different conditions lacking measured meteorological parameters in some climatic regions of Iran. Journal of water and soil conservation, (Journal of agricultural and natural resources), 20(3), 27-50.
[19] Norman, H.C., Wilmot, M.G., Thomas, D.T., Barrett Lennard, E.G. and Masters, D.G. (2010). Sheep production, plant growth and nutritive value of a saltbush-based pasture system subject to rotational grazing or set stocking. Small Ruminant Research Journal, 91, 103-109.
[20] Pan, Y.Q., Guo, H., Wang, S.M., Zhao, B.Y., Zhang, J.L., Ma, Q., Yin, H.J. and Bao, A.K. (2016). The photosynthesis, Na+ /K+ homeostasis and osmotic adjustment of Atriplex canescens in response to salinity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(848), 1-14.
[21] Qiu, R., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Yang, Z. and Jing, Y. (2017). Efects of irrigation water salinity on evapotranspiration modifedby leaching fractions in hot pepper plants. Scientific Reports, 7(7231), 1-11.
[22] Rad, M.H. (2018). Water requirement of some forest species used for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions. Iran Nature, 3(4), 40-47.
[23] Ramos, J., Lopez, M.J. and Benlloch, M. (2004). Effect of NaCl and KCl salts on the growth and solute accumulation of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia. Plant Soil, 259, 163-168.
[24] Saeidi, R., Sotoodehnia, A., Ramezani Etedali, H., Kaviani, A. and Nazari, B. (2018). Study of effect of water salinity and soil fertility stresses on evapotranspiration of Maize. Iranian journal of soil and water research, 49(4), 945-954.
[25] Shabala S. 2013. Learning from halophytes, physiological basis and strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Annals of Botany, 112, 1209–21.
[26] Shirmohammadi Aliakbarkhani, Z., Saberali, S.F. and Kouhi, M. (2021). Evaluation of Different Methods of Calculating the Potential Evapotranspiration at the Annual Timescale in the Northeast of Iran. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 11(22), 199- 209.
[27] Tarchoune, I., Kaddour, R., Lachaa, M. and Ouerghi, Z. (2012). Effects of NaCl or Na2SO4 salinity on plant growth, ion content and photosynthetic activity in Ocimum basilicum L. Journal of Acta Physiol Plant, 34, 607–615.
[28] Unlükara, A., Yurtyeri, T., and Cemek, B. (2017). Effects of irrigation water salinity on evapotranspiration and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. Matador) plant parameters in greenhouse indoor and outdoor conditions. Agronomy Research, 15(5), 2183–2194.