نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران
2 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه آبخیزداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر تاثیر پذیری مدل هیدروگراف واحد لحظه‌ای کلارک را از دقت مدل‌های مختلف رقومی ارتفاع (DEM) TOPO، ALOS PALSAR، ASTER، SRTM و GTOPO در حوزه‌آبخیز امامه مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌دهد. برای این منظور ابتدا 34 واقعه بارش – رواناب انتخاب شد. همچنین شبکه آبراهه، طول و شیب آبراهه اصلی در هر یک از پنج مدل رقومی ارتفاع، با استفاده از نرم‌افزارArc GIS، محاسبه شد. سپس نقشه همزمان تمرکز 30 دقیقه حـوزه آبخیز با استفاده از روش توزیع مکانی زمان پیمایش استخراج شد. در نهایت ابعاد هیدروگراف واحد لحظه‌ای کلارک برای هر واقعه بارش – رواناب و به تفکیک DEM برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد با کاهش طول آبراهه اصلی به دنبال کاهش دقت DEM، تعداد خطوط هم زمان تمرکز کاسته شده، به طوریکه TOPO DEM با بیشترین برآورد از طول آبراهه اصلی، بیشترین تعداد خطوط همزمان تمرکز را تخمین زده است. متوسط درصد خطای نسبی حجم رواناب به ترتیب برای DEMهای مذکور به ترتیب برابر با 92/22، 68/26، 7/27، 15/32 و 66/35 درصد برآورد شد. در مورد تخمین دبی اوج اختلاف قابل توجهی بین مقادیر متوسط خطای نسبی در DEM های مختلف وجود دارد. به طوری که کمترین مقدار متوسط خطای نسبی مربوط به TOPO DEM با مقدار 7/31 درصد می‌باشد. از سوی دیگر مقادیر خطای RMSE نیز نشان می‌دهد TOPO DEM نسبت به سایر مدل‌های مختلف رقومی ارتفاع کمترین مقدار خطا ( m39/3) را داشته است. به طور کلی می‌توان گفت استفاده از TOPO DEM در مدل هیدروگراف واحد لحظه‌ای کلارک نتایج قابل قبولی را ارائه خواهد داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effectiveness of Clark's Instantaneous unit hydrograph model (IUH) on the spatial resolution of different digital elevation models
نویسندگان [English]
- Fariba Esmaeili 1
- Mehdi Vatakhah 2
- Vahid Moosavi 3
1 M.Sc.Student, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
چکیده [English]
The current study evaluates the effectiveness of Clark's Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) model from the accuracy of different Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) including TOPO, ALOS PALSAR, ASTER, SRTM and GTOPO in the Amameh watershed. For this purpose, at first, 34 rainfall-runoff events were selected. Also, the drainage network, the length and slope of the main river in each of the five DEMs were calculated using Arc GIS software. Then, the 30-minute isochrone map of the watershed was extracted using the spatial distribution of travel time method. Finally, the dimensions of Clark's IUH were estimated for each rainfall-runoff event and DEM. The results showed that with the decrease in the length of the main river following the decrease in DEM spatial resolution, the number of isochrone has been decreased, so that TOPO DEM has estimated the largest number of isochrone with the largest estimate of the length of the main river. The average percentage of the Relative Error (RE) of the runoff volume was estimated as 22.92, 26.68, 27.7, 32.15 and 35.66% respectively for the aforementioned DEMs. Regarding peak flow estimation, there is a significant difference between the average RE values in different DEMs. So that the lowest average value of the RE is related to TOPO DEM with a value of 31.7%. On the other hand, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values also show that TOPO DEM has the lowest RMSE value (3.39 m3) compared to other DEMs. In general, it can be said that the use of TOPO DEM in Clark's IUH model will provide acceptable results.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Amameh watershed
- Clark's instantaneous unit hydrograph
- Runoff
- Storage coefficient
- Time-area histogram
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