نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2024.370264.1739

چکیده

فرسایش خاک و پیامدهای ناشی از آن از قبیل تخریب خاک در منشاء، گل آلودگی رودخانه ها و پرشدن مخزن سد ها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مخاطره های طبیعی در سطح حوزه های آبخیز می باشد که موجب کاهش دوام اکوسیستمی می گردد. یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای عملی برای کنترل رسوب و کاهش دبی اوج جریان، احداث بندهای اصلاحی می باشد. بنابراین تعیین متغیرهای کمّی مؤثر بر حجم سازه، عاملی مهم برمیزان هزینه های احداث و اثربخشی آن‌ها است. پژوهش حاضر، برای مدل سازی احجام بندهای اصلاحی (سنگی ملاتی) در سطح 100 زیرحوضه در استانهای مختلف کشور (البرز، آذربایجان شرقی، ایلام، اصفهان، بوشهر، تهران، قزوین، فارس، مازندران، همدان) انجام شد. پایگاه اطلاعاتی مورد استفاده برای مدل سازی، شامل 27 ویژگی محیطی استخراج شده در هریک از 100 زیرحوضه بوده و مدل سازی با استفاده از الگوریتم بیان ژن (GEP) انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از مدل سازی نشان داد که مهمترین ویژگی های موثر در برآورد حجم سازه ها از بین 27 ویژگی عبارتند از: بارش، دما، شاخص TWI، ضریب شکل، اختلاف ارتفاع، زمان تمرکز، شیب، تراکم زهکشی و شاخص NDVI. نتایج برآورد حجم سازه‌ها با استفاده از نُه متغیر انتخاب شده، نشان داد که مقادیر R^2 ، RRMSE و NSE برای مرحله آموزش به ترتیب برابر 0.88 ، 0.35 و 0.92 همچنین برای مرحله آزمون به ترتیب برابر 0.91 ، 0.29 و 0.91 می باشد. همچنین بر اساس نتایج حاصله، ویژگی های زودیافت محیطی می‌تواند با دقت زیادی برای برآورد حجم سازه های کنترل رسوب در زمان کوتاه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و بنابراین قبل از اجرای آنها از هزینه‌های مربوطه در راستای اولویت بندی مناطق، آگاهی یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling the volume of watershed management check dams

نویسندگان [English]

  • Omid Kavoosi
  • Khaled Ahmadaali
  • Aliakbar Nazari Samani

Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of natural resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Soil erosion and its consequences, such as soil destruction at the source, silting of rivers and filling of reservoirs of dams, are one of the most important natural hazards in watersheds, which reduce ecosystem durability. To be one of the most important practical solutions to control sedimentation and reduce peak flow is to build a check dam. Therefore, determining the quantitative variables affecting the volume of the structure is an important factor in determining the construction costs and their effectiveness. The present study was conducted to model checkdam volumes at the level of 100 sub-basins in different provinces of Iran (Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Ilam, Isfahan, Bushehr, Tehran, Qazvin, Fars, Mazandaran, and Hamadan). The database used for modeling includes 27 environmental features extracted in each of 100 sub-basins and the modeling was done using Genetic Expression Algorithm (GEP). The results of modeling showed that the most important characteristics in estimating the volume of checkdam among the 27 characteristics are: precipitation, temperature, TWI index, shape factor, height difference, concentration time, slope, drainage density and NDVI index. The results of estimating the volume of the structures using the nine selected variables showed that the R2, RRMSE and NSE values for the training phase are .088, .035 and 0.92, respectively, and for the test phase, they are 0.91, 0.29 and 0.91, respectively. Also, based on the results, the characteristics of environmental precipitation can be used with great accuracy to estimate the volume of sediment control structures in a short time, and therefore, before their implementation, the related costs were known in order to prioritize the areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental features
  • Feature selection
  • Gene Expression Programing
  • Modeling
  • and Sediment control
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