نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

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مقایسه اثر حذف چرای دام بر خاک (بانک بذر، ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی) در دو منطقه شور و غیر شور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه تحقیقات مرتع و جنگل، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش و کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ساری، ایران

3 گروه میکروبیولوژی خاک و گیاه، دانشکده آسیب شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه کیل، کیل، آلمان

4 گروه اکولوژی، دانشگاه دبرسن، دبرسن، مجارستان

10.22059/jrwm.2024.373555.1754

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثر چرای دام بر بانک بذر و برخی از ویژگی‌های خاک در دو منطقه شور و غیر شور انجام گرفت. بدین منظور دو رویشگاه با درجه شوری متفاوت در استان گلستان انتخاب شد. در هر رویشگاه، دو سایت قرق (20 ساله) و چرا انتخاب و در هر سایت، 15 پلات 1مترمربعی مستقر گردید. نمونه‌های خاک از داخل پلات‌ها به وسیله اوگر در دو عمق 0-5 و 5-10 سانتی‌متر برداشت شد. شرایط محیطی پرتنش حاکم در رویشگاه شور باعث گردید، هیچ بذری از خاک این رویشگاه شور در گلخانه جوانه نزند. در رویشگاه غیر شور حذف چرای دام باعث افزایش معنی‌دار تراکم بانک بذر خاک شد. بالاترین تراکم، تنوع و غنا بانک بذر به ترتیب 50/1389 (مترمربع)، 24/1 و 2/5 در سایت قرق و در عمق 0-5 سانتی‌متری و کمترین مقدار به ترتیب 26/173 (مترمربع)، 29/0 و 46/1 در منطقه تحت چرا و در عمق 5-10 سانتی‌متری ثبت شد. اگر چه ویژگی‌های خاک از قبیل ماده آلی و نیتروژن تحت تاثیر معنی‌دار حذف چرای دام در منطقه غیر شور قرار نگرفت، برهم‌خوردگی خاک در سایت چرا شده احتمالا منجر به افزایش دمای سطح خاک و افزایش معنی‌دار تنفس برانگیخته در این منطقه گردید و همچنین از فعالیت آنزیم اوره آز کاسته شد. در منطقه شور، حذف چرای دام باعث شد ویژگی‌های خاک پاسخ‌های متفاوتی از خود نشان دهند. در سایت قرق اسیدیته و تنفس پایه به صورت معنی‌داری کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effect of grazing removal on soil (seed bank, chemical and biological characteristics) in two saline and non-saline regions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shadi Hazhir 1
  • Reza Erfanzadeh 1
  • Hassan Ghelichnia 2
  • Bahar Razavi 3
  • Peter Torok 4

1 Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.

2 Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Sari, Iran

3 Institut of Phytopathology, Department of Soil- Plant- Microbiome, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

4 Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen,, Debrecen, Hungary

چکیده [English]

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of livestock grazing on the soil seed bank and some soil characteristics in two saline and non-saline regions. For this purpose, two habitats with different degrees of salinity were selected in Golestan province, Iran. In each region, two sites of grazed and ungrazed (20 years) were selected and 15 plots of 1 m2 were established at each site. Soil samples were taken from inside the plots by auger at two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. The harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the saline habitat caused no seeds from the soil of this saline region to germinate in the greenhouse. In the non-saline habitat, the removal of livestock grazing caused a significant increase in the density of the soil seed bank. The highest density, diversity and richness of the seed bank were respectively 1389.50 (m2), 1.24 and 5.2 in ungrazed site at the depth of 0-5 cm, and the lowest values were respectively 173.26 (m2), 29.0 and 1.46 were recorded in the grazed site at the depth of 5-10 cm. Although the soil characteristics such as organic matter and nitrogen were not significantly affected by the removal of grazing in the non-saline area, soil disturbance in the grazed site probably led to an increase in soil surface temperature and a significant increase in substrate-induced respiration and urease enzyme activity was reduced. In the saline soil, the grazing removal caused the soil characteristics to show different responses. At the ungrazed site, pH and basal respiration decreased significantly

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basal respiration
  • Livestock grazing
  • Salinity stress
  • Soil seed bank density
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نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری
دوره 77، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 433-448
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 مرداد 1403
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