نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 کارشناس مسئول دفتر امور بیابان، سازمان جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری کشور

چکیده

هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع یکی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک است که در مدل‌سازی حرکت آب، انتقال املاح و آلاینده‌ها در محیط­های متخلخل، تعیین­، مقدار و سرعت نفوذ، طراحی زهکش‌ها و دیگر فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی کاربرد زیادی دارد. در این مطالعه با افزایش سطوح مختلف ( 1، 3 و 5 درصد) بایوچار طبیعی و بایوچار کمپوست زبالۀ شهری به خاک جمعاً 16 نوع خاک تهیه شد و اثر افزایش این مواد بر ضریب هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع بررسی شد. برای این منظور هدایت هیدرولیکی خاک­ها در آزمایشگاه و به روش بار ثابت اندازه­گیری شد. سپس مدل‌سازی منحنی مشخصۀ رطوبتی (SMC) با استفاده از مدل ون­گنوختن-معلم (VGM) برای همۀ خاک­ها انجام گردید و پارامترهای این مدل شامل رطوبت باقی‌مانده ( )، رطوبت اشباع ( )، پارامترهای α، m، n و نیز هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع با استفاده از داده­های زودیافت خاک نظیر درصد ذرات خاک (شن، سیلت، و رس)، چگالی ظاهری و مقادیر ظرفیت زراعی و پژمردگی دائـم با نرم­افـزارهای ROSETTA و RETC از طریق مدل‌سازی معکوس تعیین شـد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش بایوچار کمپوست زباله و بایوچار طبیعی سبب کاهش هدایت هیدرولیکی آب در خاک گردید و تیمار11 که دارای خاک 5+ درصد بایوچار طبیعی 1+ درصد بایوچار زباله شهری بوده با 64 درصد و بعد از آن تیمار 13 با کاهش 61 درصدی بیشترین کاهش Ks شده است. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار Ks مربوط به تیمارهای 1 و 11 به ترتیب برابر 9/707 و 8/254 سانتیمتر بر روز بود. همچنین اثر تیمارهای مختلف بر همۀ پارامترهای مدل VGM ((θr , θs, m , n , α معنی­دار بود و در اکثر تیمارهای به‌کاررفته با افزایش درصدهای مصرفی بایوچار در خاک پارامترهای θr، n و m افزایش و پارامترهای θs، α و Ks کاهش یافتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of natural and urban waste compost biochars on hydraulic parameters in sandy soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Yazdanpanahi 1
  • Khaled Ahmadaali 2
  • Salman Zare 2
  • Toraj Shabani Omran 3

1 MSc student in Management of Desert Areas, University of Tehran

2 University Of Tehran

3

چکیده [English]

This study looked into the effect of different natural and urban waste compost biochar levels (0, 1, 3, and 5%), incorporated in sandy soil (total of 16 soil types), on the saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient. For this purpose, the hydraulic conductivity of all 16 soil samples was determined using the constant head method. Then, for all soils, parameters of Van-Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model for soil moisture characteristic curve (SMC) were determined by RETC and ROSETTA software and inverse modeling based on easily accessible parameters such as soil particle size percentage (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, field capacity, and permanent wilting point. These parameters were soil residual water content (θr), soil saturated water content (θs), α, m, n and Ks. Results indicated that increasing biochars results in an increase in the Ks for all soils. Soil No. 11 (soil + 5% natural biochar + 1% urban waste compost biochar) and then soil No. 13 with 64 and 61% reduction, respectively, had the highest reduction percentage in Ks. The maximum and minimum value of Ks were 707.9 and 254.8 cmd-1 which were related to soil No. 1 and 11, respectively. All doses of biochars had a significant effect on all VGM parameters (P<0.01) and increasing biochars resulted in an increase in θr, n, and m and decrease in θs and α.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient
  • constant head
  • natural additives
  • sandy soil
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