نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری و عضو گروه پژوهشی خشکسالی و تغییر اقلیم، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

10.22059/jrwm.2024.367142.1731

چکیده

برآورد‎ ‎ارزش‎ ‎غذایی‎ ‎علوفه‎ ‎یک‎ ‎جنبه‎ ‎اصلی‎ ‎مدیریت‎ ‎دامدر مراتع محسوب می‎‌‎شود. باتوجه به اینکه گیاهان دارویی سهم عمده‎‌‎ای در ترکیب پوشش گیاهی ‏مراتع دارند، بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی 9 گونه گیاه دارویی در دو مرحله رشد رویشی و گلدهی در مراتع استان خراسان‎‌‎رضوی در سال ‏‏1401 اجرا شد.‏‎ ‎در‎ ‎ﻫﺮ‎ ‎ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، 3 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‎ ‎و‎ ‎ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ‎ ‎ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ،‎ ‎ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 10 پایه گیاهیﻗﻄﻊ‎ ‎ﺷﺪ.‏‎ ‎پس از خشک‎‌‎شدن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‎ ‎در‎ ‎ﻫﻮای آزاد‎ ‎ﺧﺸک‎ ‎درصدپروتئین خام ‏‏(‏CP‏) ، دیواره سلولی منهای‏‎‌‎همی‎‌‎سلولز‎(ADF) ‎، دیواره سلولی‎ (NDF) ‎، درصد‎ ‎هضم‌پذیری‎ ‎ماده‌خشک (‏DMD‏)و انرژی متابولیسم (‏ME‏) برای گونه‌های ‏موردمطالعه تعیین شد.به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‎‌‎ها از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاًتصادفی (‏CRD‏) با دو عامل گونه در 9 سطح و ‏مرحله در 2 سطح (رویشی و گلدهی) از تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه (‏ANOVA‏) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه تحت تاثیر ‏برهمکنش گونه گیاهی و مرحله فنولوژیکی قرار گرفتند. افزایش طول رشد از مرحله رویشی به گلدهی در بیشتر گونه‌ها سبب کاهش پروتئین خام، درصد‎ ‎هضم‎ ‎پذیری‎ ‎ماده‎ ‎خشک‎ ‎و انرژی متابولیسمی و افزایش درصدد‎ ‎یواره‎ ‎سلولی‎ ‎منهای‎‌‎همی‌سلولز شد. بیشترین‎ ‎میزان‎ ‎پروتئین‎ ‎خام‎ ‎و‎ ‎میزان‎ ‎هضم‌پذیری‎ ‎ماده-‏خشک‎ ‎در گونهRu.scutatus‏ در مرحله رویشی مشاهده شد. در این بررسی میزان پروتئین، قابلیت هضم‌پذیری و انرژی متابولیسمی در مقادیر بالاتر از حد ‏بحرانی در مرحله رویشی و در گونه‌هایThymus kotschyanus، ‏‎ Rumex scutatusو ‏Ferula haussknechtii‏ مشاهده شد. بنابراین اواخر دوره رویشی ‏همزمان با کاهش اسانس در این گونه‎‌‎ها را می‎‌‎توان به عنوان زمان مناسب برای چرای دام در این گونه‎‌‎ها در نظر گرفت.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating forage quality indicators of important essential medicinal ‎species in rangelandes of Khorasan-Razavi province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Yari 1
  • Moslem Rostampour 2
  • Seyedeh Mahbubeh Mirmiran 1

1 Assistant Professor, Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad. Iran

2 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management and Research Group of Drought and Climate Change, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Estimating the nutritional value of forage is one of the main aspects of livestock management in rangelands. Since medicinal plants have a major contribution to the composition of rangeland vegetation, this research was conducted to determine the nutritional value of nine species of medicinal plants in the two stages of vegetative growth and flower in the rangelands of southern Khorasan province . samples were collected and drying , the percentage of crude protein, acid detergent fiber , neutral detergent fiber , dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were determined. To statistically analyze the data, a factorial experiment in the form of a completely random design with two factors: species in 9 levels and stage in 2 levels (vegetation and flowering) was used. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The results showed that all studied traits were affected by the interaction of plant species and phenological stage. Increasing the length of growth from the vegetative stage to flowering in most species caused a decrease in crude protein, percentage of dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy, and an increase in the percentage of acid detergent fiber . The highest amount of crude protein and digestibility of dry matter was observed in Ru.scutatus species at the vegetative stage. In this investigation, the amount of protein, digestibility and metabolic energy were observed in amounts above the critical limit in the vegetative stage and in Thymus kotschyanus, Rumex scutatus and Ferula haussknechtii species. Therefore, the end of the growing season with the reduction of essential oil in these species can be considered as the right time for livestock grazing in these species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nutritional value
  • livestock feeding
  • medicinal plants
  • phonological stages
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